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Like a detective who always observes the same person at the scene of the crime, Raznahan has reason to be suspicious that the chromosomes’ expression has an influence on differences in gray matter volume when they show up in the same brain region—but no direct proof.If Raznahan’s hypothesis about the chromosomes' role is correct, it could have a substantial influence on sex difference research. “The definition of the disorder is based on a male stereotype.”And without an obvious medical benefit, Eliot thinks this type of research will simply reinforce the idea that men and women are fundamentally different, or even justify misogyny—although the authors may not intend such an outcome.
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Unlike the others, they were markedly more active in areas where men had more gray matter than women, as compared with the rest of the brain.“It certainly doesn’t prove that the sex [chromosomes] are causally relevant for the anatomical sex differences, but it’s more guilt by spatial association,” Raznahan says. “The moment it’s about the brain, something differs, some switch is pulled. “If we can understand the biology of sex better, maybe those pathways are going to help us understand what is happening to put a person at risk of manifesting symptoms of autism spectrum disorder, for example,” he says.But other scholars question the idea that this sort of research will help us understand mental disorders. After analyzing this data and correcting for total brain volume (just like men’s bodies are, on average, larger than women’s bodies, so too are their brains), they discovered a number of apparent differences.Among them was a relative size advantage for men in parts of the occipital lobe (which is associated with vision) and in the amygdala and hippocampus (regions that play important roles in emotion and memory). From listening to music to performing it, WIRED's Peter Rubin looks at how music can change our moods, why we get the chills, and how it can actually change pathways in our brains. It’s this link between the brain and real-world consequences—behavior, cognition, emotion—that makes this research so controversial, de Vries argues. The brain contains two major types of tissue: gray matter, which holds neuron cell bodies, and white matter, which connects gray matter in “tracts” and allows neurons to send signals to distant areas. But the topic is sensitive, and such findings are easy to misuse. “I got my fingers burned when I first started,” Raznahan says.
Raznahan’s hope is that uncovering if and how men’s and women’s brains differ—for example, in the sizes of regions or the strengths of the connections among them—could help us figure out why people with aneuploidy are more likely to experience neurodevelopmental and psychiatric concerns. Does it matter? Still, patients with similar glycosylated hemoglobin levels and mean glucose values can have markedly different daily glucose excursions. “It's just a measure that there's a difference in the way the neurons are, how many synapses they're making, how many there are, possibly, and stuff like that.”Yet it’s easy for people to jump to the conclusion that size matters, and there is some evidence in favor of that notion. But it remains unclear whether these differences mean anything at all in terms of psychology and behavior. As contemporary as the armistice that ended the Great War. explains how technological, economic, and competitive forces are combining to transform the role information technology plays in business, with profound implications for IT management and investment as well as strategy and organization. The … Studies that report sex differences in the sizes of brain regions, or in how strongly some regions are connected to others, often disagree about just where those differences lie. Join Veterans for Peace in reclaiming Armistice Day for the 100th anniversary. So to see if the set of regions that showed sex differences in his sample was connected with any particular functions, Raznahan took advantage of a database called Neurosynth, which documents these many-to-many relationships by compiling thousands of human neuroscience studies that report links between brain regions and functions.