Anxiety disorders appear to be more common than depressive disorders, and probably also more common than disorders of behaviour. Despite this, cognitive-behavioural interventions have been largely modelled on their adult counterparts, and there has been little evaluation of the effectiveness of various treatment components. Anxiety disorders are, at the very least, fairly common in pre-adolescent children. Extant research supports the concept of cognitive vulnerability to depression among adults, and support is accruing for the validity of this concept among children. It explicates the major psychological theories of chronic pain and PTSD and reviews the evidence relating what factors maintain the disorders. A number of the authors contributing to this edition have noted that this lack of investment in high quality, highly powered research has prevented many of the key questions from being answered. Starting with the pioneering work of Lenore Butler and her colleagues, many psychosocial interventions have been developed and studied, with generally positive results. Both aggregate and individual analyses are valid, although they provide answers to different questions.
Both behaviors are most prevalent in the early to mid-twenties and increasingly less common thereafter. The authors concluded that clients are able to learn most of the skills taught, independently of the rehabilitation model. Impact Factors are used to measure the importance of a journal by calculating the number of times selected articles are cited within the last few years.
Moderator analyses revealed that relative to other groups, married or cohabiting couples and Black participants evidenced significantly stronger effect sizes. This review examines this literature, with a focus on priming and longitudinal designs. Implications for clinical practice and future research are explored.Despite significant advances in our understanding of anxiety in childhood and adolescence, the area is still in its infancy. Research that examines direct links between cognitive vulnerability and depression onset, relapse, and recurrence and the attachment origins of cognitive vulnerability is also accruing, although at a slower pace.The present review examined the comparative psychotherapy process literature in order to identify the distinctive activities of cognitive-behavioral (CB) treatment. An analysis of recent abstracts from psychology journals showed that issues of aggregate and individual data are rarely if ever discussed, and even well-known statistics books in psychology rarely discuss such issues. There is a high degree of symptom overlap and comorbidity between these disorders, and differential diagnosis can be confusing. Future research should focus on clarifying the measurement of PSE, studying potential bias in self-report of PSE, and utilizing experimental and longitudinal designs to untangle the issues of causal direction and potential transactional processes.Is adoption a risk factor the development of adjustment problems?The extent to which being adopted increases a child's risk for the development of adjustment problems has been debated for decades. On the basis of a meta-analysis of the existing cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) studies we estimate an overall effect size of 1.27 and that 63% of patients show clinically significant improvement at the end of treatment. Validation of these adolescents' affectional and erotic feelings helps to normalize their adolescence, as does providing them with a peer group of other gay youth.Relapse in the addictive behaviors: Integration and future directionsThis paper identifies the major consistencies in substantive and methodological findings across the review papers in this special issue on relapse in the addictive behaviors. The importance of CH has become clear for theoretical and practical reasons, because CH are regarded as potentially the most dangerous symptoms of schizophrenia. Current conceptual and classification schemes for children's coping strategies are analyzed and compared. Our journals also rank in the top Impact Factor and CiteScore percentiles in their scientific fields. Self-esteem appears unaffected by the process. Next, the eight studies that have been published on individual psychotherapy for this population are presented and evaluated according to both efficacy and effectiveness criteria for a methodologically sound study. Its purpose is to help clinical psychologists keep up-to-date on relevant issues outside of their immediate areas of expertise by publishing scholarly but readable reviews. Contextual risk factors include homelessness and poverty, teenage pregnancy, school violence and victimization, school climate and connectedness, parental involvement, and family variables, among others. Adolescent pregnancy increases the risk of negative consequences for mothers and their children. This article involves a contemporary research review on absenteeism prevalence, comorbid physical and psychiatric conditions, classification, contextual risk factors, cross-cultural variables, assessment, intervention, and outcome.
Few attempts have been made to assess denial and resistance in the eating disorders, or to examine alternative strategies for enhancing motivation to change. We review the literature describing clinical correlates, family history, treatment response, laboratory studies, course, and outcome of children with ADHD and mental retardation. The quality of studies has improved, although there are still some methodological weaknesses.School absenteeism and school refusal behavior in youth: A contemporary reviewAbsenteeism from school is a serious public health issue for mental health professionals, physicians, and educators.