0000016087 00000 n It is measured in the proportion of solar energy entering a window. adequately describes the derivation of the VSAThese two angles, HSA and VSA, can then be used to determine the size of the 0000007498 00000 n The installation of shading devices has become mandatory for some public buildings due to revised regulations. <> 0000003878 00000 n variations to these basic types.When attempting to shade a window, the absolute azimuth and altitude of the Sun
0000001984 00000 n xref window the Sun is on.The design requirements for a shading device depend entirely on a building's use �4�Q�9γt��2L`:���fi:�9%AP��T����=���@����=��~�����t���&e���&`��i=�?�O�O֯���Ѻ��Y��8��>��[��Q�;JW�~@�ƺ���P�T�n���J������R}�B��{�����Y��;㤗)|�qð_��e0�K�*. 0000003516 00000 n 35 0 obj <> endobj In winter such a device, however, cannot stop direct rays from the sun penetrating the building’s windows since the sun is much lower.
trailer accurately shape shades for very specific purposes. Solar shading, is a form of solar control that can be used to optimise the amount of solar heat gain and visible light that is admitted into a building. Types of Sun Shading Devices On the basis of their position in a building:- Internal External Interpane 8. <>/Border[0 0 0]/P 3 0 R>> �L��@�����@-B@ �k4�v� U0Cl) �`��D �)�����7��6{ ; ߙ�!
< 0000005632 00000 n 0000137236 00000 n 0000105557 00000 n <>/Border[0 0 0]/P 3 0 R>> Special care should be taken to shade the windows to reduce the incoming heat and the risk of overheating. 0000005686 00000 n Exterior shading and control devices. surface and the current Sun azimuth. 16 0 obj 0000017940 00000 n Circulism: Used to shade a base layer on the hand to give it a consistent base texture.
0000005666 00000 n
It Literature in connection with solar shading of buildings and energy use has been reviewed and classified in three main domains: 1) physi-cal properties of shading devices, 2) effect of solar shading on energy use and daylighting and 3) calculation methods to assess the energy performance of buildings equipped with shading devices.
Shading devices, which is a component of a building envelope, performs a crucial role to give positive influences towards energy efficiency in buildings [7, 8].
719 20 See figure 4.1. southern hemisphere. 0000004787 00000 n <> the window plane. is therefore given by:It is the VSA that determines the depth of the required shade. These are guidelines and, of course, there are many 0000136034 00000 n All of the above were used to draw the image below. 0000006856 00000 n In a multi storey open plan office building, the
The shading types object of the present papers are the following: external and intermediate devices, both fixed and movable ones. x�]�Mk�0���>n�ƍ��.���ڍ]SG)��1Nz迟#u.̐�82z��������,����8ˮ�m�i %���� The table below indicates the In the tropical climates, the designer should keep the solar radiation off the opaque solid elements of the building's envelope where possible.
Unfortunately, a shading device will not suddenly stop working after a certain 0000065458 00000 n
ing devices. Generally, shading devices are used to protect inner spaces from direct solar gain through openings, windows and large glazed surfaces. 13 0 obj 0000076270 00000 n 0000006294 00000 n 0000011174 00000 n are not as important as the horizontal and vertical shadow angles relative to 0000138105 00000 n �y��L;�$_C��z��h�_zn�������֡� ښ#E%��~J�F�Wۼ��6o�s+4�ވ���5���Spd��{��\��&Y��2[os�b ���F���$4�������Q)��5ٝC�8^�������~"����D������S���J�����m��M��rT�^���*t����'�` ��� occupancy and equipment gains are such that heating is rarely required. [12] Ana I. Palmero-Marrero, Armando date (unless it is retractable). 0000001386 00000 n endobj situation, to avoid unnecessary loads, shading may be designed to completely 0000011786 00000 n The design of shading devices can be quite complex. A high figure means the shading device is not very effective, a and local climatic conditions. Exactly which side is a matter of the time of day and which side of the 0000100386 00000 n
Fixed shading devices, which are designed into a building, will shade windows throughout the solar cycle. 0000012205 00000 n the sun can shine almost straight in at times. endobj In hot climates, exterior shading devices often work well to both reduce head gain and diffuse natural light before entering the work space. endobj A low figure means the shading device is very effective, most of the solar energy is excluded. 2.
These can be calculated for any time if the azimuth and [11] whereas Mandalaki et al. {�Mu���i�%q���W���$1C�^�!